Desai And Toynbee

My mission, should I choose to accept it, will be, first, to reread earlier blog posts about the Hord/Desai theory of history, secondly, to extract a summary of Toynbean theory from Wikipedia and, thirdly, to compare them. Not an in-depth study but maybe sufficient for present purposes.

For John K. Hord on the blog, see here.

For Chunderban Desai, see here.

For Desai on the stages of a historical cycle, see here.

For Toynbean stages, see here.

According to Toynbee:

 

response to challenge transforms primitive societies into civilizations;

a cycle of challenge and response causes growth;

in 1939, the challenge for Modern Western society was to create a political world-order and the framework for an economic world-order;

a civilization breaks down when its "Creative Minority" degenerates into a "Dominant Minority";

in the final breakdown, the"Dominant Minority" creates a universal state to preserve its power.

Desai refers to growth, breakdown and the universal state.