Tuesday 30 April 2019

Horse Maneuvers II

"Hiding Place," see here and Horse Maneuvers.

Van Rijn says, "'Horse maneuvers!'" (p. 597) again. It seems to mean, "That won't work!" In this case, recalibrating the instruments to test the intelligence of each species in turn will take too long. The Hebe G.B. will run out of supplies and/or be overtaken by the pursuing Adderkops. Only logic applied to already known facts will solve the problem and only van Rijn, sitting, drinking and cigar-smoking, is equipped to do this.

He theatrically turns the tables, claiming that everyone else loafs, plays, dances and sings while he alone bears all the work and worry whereas the reality, as he knows, is that everyone is working flat out in different ways to solve a life or death problem. Of course, he solves it this time but this is a van Rijn story.

The last three of the eleven installments in Volume I are all about van Rijn with different supporting casts and the first of these three is a novel. The first of the seven installments in Volume II is also about van Rijn but, if you don't like him, just keep reading. He will not last beyond the first installment in Volume III.

Large And Close

"Hiding Place," see here.

Assessing one of the species in the zoo ship, Torrance concludes:

"'I imagine their world, though of nearly Jovian mass, is so close to its sun that that the hydrogen was boiled off, leaving a clear field for evolution similar to Earth's.'" (p. 596)

Generalizing from the single instance of the Solar System, theoreticians had thought that a planetary system would have terrestroid planets near the sun and gas giants further out whereas more recently detected exoplanets include Jovoids in close orbits as in this speculation by Anderson/Torrance.

Van Rijn Explains

"Hiding Place," see here.

In the lounge of the Hebe G.B., Jeri must serve drinks for van Rijn, Torrance and herself because the steward is helping with the intelligence test of the gorilloid. When she reproaches van Rijn for not even coming to watch when Torrance was nearly killed capturing the gorilloid, van Rijn replies that he:

is too old and fat for the physical fight;
is not technical enough to help the engineer;
is neither a specialist nor a university graduate;
has learned from experience how to make men do things for him and how to profit from what they do;
is in the lounge reading engineer studies of the alien ship.

Jeri seems to be redirecting her attention to Torrance but van Rijn will redress the balance before the story ends.

Altaians

Dominic Flandry visits the planet, Altai, in "A Message in Secret"/Mayday Orbit. (1959/'61)

A spacehand is a nomad from Altai in "Hiding Place." (1961)

Emil Dalmady is from Altai in "Esau." (1970)

This shows us how the idea developed. The planet, Altai, was created as the setting for a Dominic Flandry story, then was reused as the home planet of two different characters in the earlier period of Nicholas van Rijn.

Anderson referred to the planet in only two periods of the writing of the Technic History: 1959/'61 and 1970.

According to Sandra Miesel's Chronology of Technic Civilization, five installments of the History occur in the same decade:

"A Sun Invisible" is an adventure of David Falkayn;

"The Season of Forgiveness" describes an event on the planet, Ivanhoe;

The Man Who Counts, "Esau" and "Hiding Place," in this order, happen to van Rijn.

The stories are said to overlap although the three involving van Rijn must be consecutive and I do not think that there is any internal evidence to suggest one particular order. If anything, "Esau," where van Rijn remains on Earth, should come after the other two where he goes into space.

Torrance On Van Rijn

"Hiding Place," see here.

Captain Torrance thinks like Eric Wace:

"'[Van Rijn] sits in his suite with a case of brandy and a box of cigars. The cook, who could be down here helping [the engineer], is kept aboard the yacht to fix him his damned gourmet meals. You'd think he didn't care if we're blown out of the sky!'" (pp. 590-591)

Remembering his oath and position and succumbing to habit, Torrance apologizes and proceeds to test the gorilloids for intelligence. A nervous-impulse tracer detects synaptic flows and casts a 3D image of the functioning nervous system. Then, anatomical correlation should identify the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems and also the degree of brain activity independent of other nerve paths. The gorilloids have small brains but might have more efficient neurones.

If a Chereionite were present, then he would be able to detect, interpret and even understand brain emissions, a qualitatively different proposition from merely measuring brain activity. Here is the old philosophical mind-brain problem yet again.

Torrance, like Torres in "Margin of Profit," is both a captain and a Lodgemaster - a conflict of interests, I think.

The Elephant In The Room

"Hiding Place," see here.

This MIGHT be the last post this month although I have said that before, then written more. Tomorrow, weather permitting, we will make the round trip to Muncaster Castle, which will be a long day.

My purposes in the present post are to show a book cover (see image), to summarize the relevant passage from within the book, then to ask blog readers to spot the differences. On p. 581, one of the organisms within the zoo ship is described:

a quadruped;
elephant-sized;
slenderer than an elephant, implying lower gravity;
green;
faintly scaled;
some hair on its back;
alert, enigmatic eyes;
an elephant-like trunk ending in psuedodactyls (?) which look as strong and sensitive as human fingers.

Which two details are incorrect in the book cover image?

(Details to be discovered and discussed within an Anderson text seem to be endless. I have been through this story before but now it seems like a different story.)

Inside The Zoo Ship

"Hiding Place," see here.

There has been combox discussion of social homogenization on future Earth. While examining the zoo ship, chief engineer Yamamura turns "...a patient brown face..." (p.578) toward van Rijn.

Van Rijn says:

"'Even to a union organizer, obvious this ship was never made by fishes or birds.'" (p. 579)

He negotiates with intelligent union organizers but feels obliged to denigrate them in conversation.

One of the kinds of alien animals has "...faceless heads..." (ibid.)

Which would be more intimidating? An ugly, frightening face or a faceless head?

That is all for this breakfast time. I will visit Ketlan for lunch and we will watch an episode of American Gods.

Like Hell

"Hiding Place," see here.

Inside the zoo ship:

"Torrance and Van Rijn walked through shadows, among monsters; the simulated light of a dozen different suns streamed around them: red, orange, yellow, greenish, and harsh electric blue.
"A thing like a giant shark... tiny flying reptiles, their scales aglitter in prismatic hues..." (p. 577)

Anderson must have known that this description would evoke Hell to his readers:

shadows
monsters
red light
other unpleasant colors
giant shark
flying glittering-scaled reptiles

As I have remarked before, van Rijn, Falkayn and, later, Flandry are accustomed to doing regular business with beings that many of us would find frightening or repulsive. Van Rijn will go anywhere for a profit:

"...bargaining in strange cities or beneath unblue skies and in poisonous winds, for treasures Earth had not yet imagined."
-"Margin of Profit," p. 147.

The Zoo Ship

"Hiding Place," see here.

See blog search results for:

alien zoo (scroll down)
gorilloids

The zoo ship recalls Superman for three reasons:

(i) he had an alien zoo and Anderson's Captain Torrance refers to "'...Luna City Zoo.'" (p. 572);

(ii) one of Superman's villains collected not individual organisms but miniaturized, bottled, inhabited cities;

(iii) in another story, a spaceship fired a duplication ray at a planetary
surface so that the target organism remained on the planet while an exact duplicate of it appeared inside the spaceship, like a Star Trek transporter that did not disintegrate the original.

Although Poul Anderson's Technic History is better written either than Star Trek or than most Superman scripts, all are sf so that conceptual comparisons are appropriate.

Monday 29 April 2019

Learning

Poul Anderson learned while writing his Technic History and I have learned from some of these posts about the Technic History while writing them. The History grew over three and a half decades and was not even recognized as a future history series for the first decade. It grew into a Heinlein-model future history without having been planned as such. Its philosophical rationale was not preconceived but was discovered while the series was being written. John K. Hord's theory made sense of:

the decline of the Polesotechnic League;
the transition from League to Empire;
the changes in the Empire during Flandry's lifetime;
the almost inevitable Fall of the Empire;
the possibility of free growth in post-Imperial history.

I have not finished posting about the Technic History but am still revisiting the character of Nicholas van Rijn who appears in ten of the forty three installments of the History. His character is consistently presented but new details are still there to be found like throwing crockery. The planet discovered in the van Rijn story, "Hiding Place," is later named Vanrijn, (scroll down) as we learn in the Dominic Flandry novel, The Rebel Worlds. There is no end to the History's solidity and internal consistency.

The First Ten Years

See:

The Writing Of The Technic History
The Writing Of The Technic History II

"Tiger By The Tail" was published in 1951. "The Plague Of Masters" was published in 1961. Yet the latter was the first time that Flandry referred to van Rijn. Thus, for ten years, the Technic History had existed without being recognized as such even by its author. About eleven installments were published before it was realized that they were all installments of a single series.

In the 1950s, there were three elements: Flandry; early Terran Empire; van Rijn. The first and the third came together in "The Plague Of Masters" but when was it first acknowledged that the Empire founded by Argos and the Empire defended by Flandry were one and the same? Was that also in "The Plague Of Masters"? The information is somewhere on the blog.

Addendum, a few minutes later:

In “Hunters of the Sky Cave,” Flandry reveals that the Empire he has defended in “Tiger by the Tail,” “Honorable Enemies,” “The Warriors from Nowhere” and “The Game of Glory” is the same Empire that the leader of a slave rebellion, Manuel Argos, had founded in “The Star Plunderer.” In “A Plague of Masters,” Flandry reveals that Manuel’s Empire was preceded by the Polesotechnic League of Nicholas van Rijn’s period as described in “Margin of Profit” and The Man Who Counts. Since mercantile expansion was later followed by imperial decline, the combined series is about social change.
-copied from here.

Readers might notice that "The Plague Of Masters" is also "A Plague of Masters."

Van Rijn In Action

"Hiding Place," see here and Pursuit Through Hyperspace.

Since the alien ship refuses to communicate, Torrance prepares to lead a boarding party, leaving van Rijn on the bridge. Here we see the two sides of van Rijn's character. On the one hand, he protests loudly at being left in charge. On the other hand, he smoothly hauls the Hebe G.B. by tractor beam toward the larger ship, astonishing Torrance with the realization that this old swine is a skilled spaceman. The loud protestation was an act. In Torrance's absence, van Rijn knows that he is the right man to handle the ship. Otherwise, he would have delegated the job to someone better skilled than himself. We were told earlier that he sometimes throws crockery at the steward and regularly fires everyone on the ship. I think that that is taking the act a bit too far. Again, he would not behave like this with a crew who were unable to accept such histrionics as "...normal." (p. 559)

The alien flees through hyperspace but van Rijn casually performs the difficult task of phasing in, evades a pressor beam, reestablishes the tractor beam link, then cuts his hyperdrive since he can now be carried along inside the alien's force-field and needs to preserve his own convertor. Torrance must board while the two ships plunge through hyperspace toward an unknown destination.

Pursuit Through Hyperspace

"Hiding Place," see here.

Nicholas van Rijn's yacht, the Hebe G.B., has a high velocity hyperdive, uncommonly sensitive detectors and a crew experienced in overhauling;

she detects the hyperemission of another ship before that ship detects her vibrations;

establishing the other ship's course, she accelerates to intercept;

the other ship changes course;

the Hebe G.B. changes course accordingly and continues to gain on the slower ship;

the quarry does not turn back toward the Adderkop sun so is not Adderkop and does fear strangers;

the quarry goes off hyperdrive;

knowing both the quarry's superlight vector and the instant of cutoff, the Hebe G.B.'s computer estimates the decelerated ship's position;

approaching that volume of space, the Hebe G.B. executes a search pattern, entering normal space to sample the neutrino haze;

statistical analysis differentiates a faint nearby neutrino source from the stellar background;

the yacht goes to that position where a large cylinder with drive cones, auxiliary boat housings and a gun turret, all obviously of non-Technic design, becomes visible;

clearly not a warcraft, the stranger fires a single fusion shell which the Hebe G.B.'s robogunners intercept with a missile;

van Rijn orders his crew to establish contact and develop a common language fast so that he can talk business to the strangers - just like that! - but there will be another problem to solve first.

The Permanent Frontier

Technic civilization has a permanent frontier. Le Matelot tells us that we (not everyone), "...sailing out among the stars...," are:

discoverers;
pioneers;
traders;
missionaries;
composers of epic and saga;
bolder than earlier generations;
ambitious;
individualistic;

- and that some have become:

greedy;
callous;
disregarding of the morrow;
violent;
bandits.

"Such is the nature of societies possessed of, and by, a frontier."
-Poul Anderson, INTRODUCTION: HIDING PLACE IN Anderson, The Van Rijn Method (Riverdale, NY, 2009), pp. 555-556 AT p. 555.

In an interstellar society, it would be possible to live permanently on the frontier, always moving ahead of the advancing wave of civilization, as if North America never reached the Pacific but receded to infinity. New kinds of natives would be encountered at every stage. In an almost uncharted sector of this galactic arm:

"'Our intelligence reports, interrogation of prisoners, evaluation of explorers' observations, and so on, all indicate that three or four different species in this region possess the hyperdrive. The Adderkops themselves aren't certain about all of them.'"
-"Hiding Place," pp. 557-609 AT p. 567.

So it must be like that all around the galaxy: many hyperdrive-possesssing species, interacting routinely with several other civilizations while merely detecting evidence of many more.

Van Rijn needs:

in civilized volumes of space, good managers and routineers;

for the bypassed, but as yet unexplored, regions within the boundaries of known space, trade pioneer crews;

for "'...the wild places...,'" innovators "'...what can meet wholly new problems in unholy new ways...'" ("Esau," p. 552)

A good pun on "wholly" and "holy."

We have found a new description of the Milky Way:

"...the sky was aswarm with small frosty fires, across blackness unclouded and endless. The Milky Way girdled it with cool silver, a nebula glowed faint and green, another galaxy spiraled on the mysterious edge of visibility."
-"Hiding Place," p. 599.

Recognizing stars that lie in the direction of Earth and Ramanujan, Torrance remembers "...blue Mount Gandhi." (pp. 598-599)

Adderkops

"Hiding Place," see here.

Freya is a colonized planet on the fringe of human civilization. A century ago, the Freyans expelled outlaws whom they contemptuously call "Adderkops." The Adderkops have colonized an unknown planet and increased the number of their obsolete warships. (How?) They attack planets, exact tribute, conduct overpriced trade and have almost dissuaded the Polesotechnic League from expanding into their sector. Van Rijn, in his private yacht, the Hebe G.B., having followed clues and a neutrino trail, has located the Adderkops' home planet and is on the run from their warships which must prevent him from returning to civilization with the coordinates of their planetary system.

Needing repairs after a space battle, van Rijn will, if necessary, find and trade with some previously unknown intelligent species with an industrial civilization in this unexplored region of space. Imagine being able to do that.

See also Freya And Valhalla.

Past The Milky Way

Poul Anderson, "Hiding Place" IN Anderson, The Van Rijn Method (Riverdale, NY, 2009), pp. 555-609.

"Torrance sought past the Milky Way until he identified Polaris." (pp. 557-558)

From Polaris, he is able to identify the direction of the star Valhalla with the planet Freya and a League base even though his damaged ship, the Hebe G.B., will not be able to reach that base.

The ship is in an "...almost uncharted section of our galactic arm." (p. 558)

That single word, "our," informs us that we are currently being addressed not by the omniscient narrator of prose fiction but by a fellow mortal living in the period of the Solar Commonwealth.

Like Torres in "Margin of Profit," Torrance wears the full, colorful uniform but also a turban because he is from Ramanujan. He walks down a passageway to the owner's suite where he is greeted by none other than Nicholas van Rijn hoisting a two-liter tankard. This is our fourth encounter with van Rijn and we might wonder whether he is going to take over the Technic History but we are only at the end of Volume I of VII and the History will outlast civilizations.

The Writing Of The Technic History II

1960s
1961 "Hiding Place"; "A Message In The Secret"; "The Plague Of Masters"
1963 "Territory"; The Night Face
1966 "The Three-Cornered Wheel"; "A Sun Invisible"; Ensign Flandry
1967 "Day of Burning"; "Starfog"; "Outpost of Empire"
1968 "A Tragedy of Errors"; Satan's World; "The Sharing of Flesh"
1969 The Rebel Worlds

(I count years, like everything else, from 1 to 10, not from 0 to 9. Thus, the first decade of the twentieth century was 1901-1910, not 1900-1909. However, "the 1960s" means "1960-1969." Thus, "the 1970s" start with 1970, not with 1971.)

1970s
1970 "Esau"; A Circus Of Hells
1971 "The Trouble Twisters"; "The Master Key"; "A Little Knowledge"
1972 "Wings of Victory"
1973 "The Problem of Pain"; The People Of The Wind; "Wingless"; "Rescue on Avalon"; "Lodestar"; The Day Of Their Return; "The Season of Forgiveness"
1974 "How To Be Ethnic In One Easy Lesson"; A Knight Of Ghosts And Shadows
1977 Mirkheim
1979 A Stone In Heaven

The Ythrians come together in 1972-'73.

1980s
1981 "The Saturn Game"
1985 The Game Of Empire

The 1980s present the earliest story in the Technic History and the last work in the Flandry period.     

Sunday 28 April 2019

The Writing Of The Technic History


See:

Significant Dates
Anderson's Technic History
Like A Multiply Authored Work

Poul Anderson's publishing history stretched from 1947 to 2000. The publication of his Technic History was from January 1951 until 1985, three and a half decades.

1950s
1951: "Tiger By The Tail"; "Honorable Enemies"
1952: "Sargasso of Lost Starships"; "The Star Plunderer"
1954: "The Warriors From Nowhere"
1956: "Margin of Profit"
1958: The Man Who Counts; "The Game of Glory"
1959: "Hunters Of The Sky Cave"

So far:

5 Captain Flandry stories;
2 early Terran Empire stories;
2 works about van Rijn;
no idea as yet that Flandry, early Empire and van Rijn share a timeline.

1960s
It gets more complicated. I'll see you all back here tomorrow.

Blog Crossovers

Sometimes, the barriers between blogs come down. Avengers: Endgame is a film but is based on comic book characters so it is discussed on Comics Appreciation, here, not on Personal and Literary Reflections, here. Although the film presents a time travel problem (see here), it continues to be discussed on Comics Appreciation, not on Logic of Time Travel, here. However, this kind of problem is relevant to Poul Anderson's Time Patrol series so it might be of interest to some readers of Poul Anderson Appreciation. Please tour the blogs.

"There Is A Tide"

See Seasons And Tides.

"There Is A Tide" is the title both of a story by Brian Aldiss and of one by Larry Niven.

In Aldiss' story, the first person narrator refers several times to "the Massacre," e.g.:

"He (and there were many others like him, unfortunately) thought of the Massacre as man's greatest achievement."
-Brian Aldiss, "There Is A Tide" IN Aldiss, Space, Time And Nathaniel (London, 1966), pp. 112-125 AT p. 115.

At the very end of the story, having learned of a coming catastrophe, the narrator reflects:

"The ten years to follow would be as terrible as the ten years of the Massacre, when every member of the white race had been slain.
"Now we negroes, in our turn, stood at the bar of history."
-op. cit., p. 125.

Reading that in my teens, I suddenly felt distanced from the narrator and his contemporaries. Now, I would primarily be concerned about the survival of the human race.

Niven's story is about the discovery in space of a small but high-gravity sphere of neutronium which causes unbelievable tides on a nearby planet. The same phrase could also have been used as the title of Niven's "Neutron Star," in which arrangements made by Puppeteers for orbiting a neutron star show that they are unaware of tides and therefore that their home planet lacks a moon. This is similar to Dominic Flandry's deduction about the nature of Chereion's sun from the fact that the range of wavelengths visible to Ayycharaych differs from the range visible to human beings. But, having shifted from tides to light, I will end the post.

Torres And Torrance

Rafael Torres and Bahadur Torrance have these things in common:

similar surnames;
each is a spaceship captain;
each is a Lodgemaster in the Federated Brotherhood of Spacemen;
each works for Nicholas van Rijn;
each faces danger from pirates in space with van Rijn;
each is the viewpoint character in his conversations with van Rijn.

Strong connections. "We band of brothers..."

Torrance, like Chunderban Desai, is from Ramanujan.

Seasons And Tides

In literature, human life is compared to natural cyclical processes. Two examples:

"The comings and goings of man have their seasons.
"They are no more mysterious than the annual cycle of the planet, and no less."
-Poul Anderson, INTRODUCTION: HIDING PLACE IN Anderson, The Van Rijn Method (Riverdale, NY, 2009), pp. 555-556 AT p. 555.

"There is a Tide in the affayres of men,
"Which, taken at the Flood, leads on to Fortune;
"Omitted, all the voyage of their life,
"Is bound, in Shallowes, and in Miferies.
"On such a full sea are we now afloat;
"And we must take the current when it serves,
"Or lose our ventures."
-copied, in part, from here.

Two comments on the Shakespeare quote:

it is appropriate to van Rijn;

it is only partly relevant to my life - I did not take the tide at the flood and have remained in the shallows but have not been bound in miseries.

Van Rijn On People

I dislike Nicholas van Rijn's opinions of people. At the end of "The Master Key," he glares across a city and scornfully asks whether its citizens are free.

See:

History And Life
Concluding Details, Josserek And Van Rijn
 
In "Esau," he suggests that:

"'...ninety-nine point nine nine per cent of every sophont race is wearing diapers, at least on their brains, and it leaks out of their mouths.'" (p. 551)

Disagreeable. Unpleasant.

Over the page, he is more of the van Rijn that we like. He tells Dalmady that he will be promoted to:

"'Entrepreneur! You will keep the title of factor, because we can't make jealousies, but what you do is what the old Americans would have called a horse of a different dollar.'" (p. 552)

Van Rijn knows how to manage people. Although he was created by an American, he lives in a period when nation-states and dollars no longer exist. We feel nostalgia towards the old Americans and their dollars.

Like A Multiply Authored Work

Multiply Authored Works
TV series.
Comic book universes.
Superhero movieverses. (I have just seen Avengers: Endgame.)
A future history with a single creator but multiple contributors.

Despite a few contributions in Multiverse, Poul Anderson's Technic History remains essentially a single author future history. However, it was published from January 1951 to 1985. Over thirty five years, Anderson created a series that is as substantial, complex and interconnected as if it had been multiply authored.

It is late here and I want to post about Avengers over on Comics Appreciation and will also have to drive one of Sheila's friends home.

Keep reading.

Slightly later: See here.

Saturday 27 April 2019

Four Layers Of Narrative

In Poul Anderson's "Esau," Emil Dalmady comes from Altai, which Dominic Flandry will visit, and outwits the Baburites, who will trouble the Polesotechnic League. Rereading a future history series with full knowledge, we can look backwards and forwards simultaneously.

Dalmady's adventures on Suleiman are framed by Dalmady's dialogue with van Rijn which is preceded by an Earth Book introduction which is preserved in The Technic Civilization Saga so that nothing is lost. However, the narrative at Saga level needs to be slightly reorganized. See Hloch and Le Matelot and Collections And Introductions II. For more on Le Matelot, see here.

Addendum: See combox and Don Balthasar Carlos And His Dwarf, here.

17 or 7

Poul Anderson's Technic History was nearly complete in seventeen volumes, then became complete in seven omnibus volumes. Some of us have the History in both versions. The seventeen volume version lacks only two short stories that had been published but not yet collected:

six volumes move the History from the first van Rijn collection to the period of the early Terran Empire;

nine volumes are set during the lifetime of Dominic Flandry;

one collection and one novel cover the period after the Terran Empire although the collection also includes two short stories set earlier.

The series needed to be rationalized, which Baen Books have done. However, that earlier seventeen volume version from different publishers was an impressive sprawling un-uniform future history series unlike any other.

Reassessments And Successes

Torres visits Nicholas van Rijn in his Djakarta office. Dalmady visits him in his penthouse on the roof of the Winged Cross in Chicago Integrate. Wace, the SSL factor on Diomedes, entertains van Rijn when the latter visits that planet.

Each of these three men has to reassess his judgment about van Rijn:

when spaceship crews are endangered by pirates, van Rijn puts his own body on the line and turns the tables on the pirates;

Dalmady's factorship on Suleiman is terminated not because the Company is dissatisfied with his performance but because he has displayed initiative and will now be offered training as an entrepreneur;

Wace is offered not the sinecure that he expects but the promotion that he deserves.

These are three success stories. However, Anderson demonstrates that competition creates more failures and dissatisfactions than successes and satisfactions. The Polesotechnic League makes many enemies over the years. The problems come to a head in Mirkheim.

Restrained Humor

There is some humor to be found in this speech by Nicholas van Rijn:

"'Always they try to pirate my executives what have not yet sworn fealty, like the thieves they are. And I, poor old lonely fat man, trying to run this enterprise personal what stretches across so many whole worlds, even with modern computer technology I get melted down from overwork, and too few men for helping what is not total gruntbrains, and some of them got to be occupied just luring good executives away from elsewhere.' He took a noisy gulp of beer."
-Poul Anderson, "Esau" IN Anderson, The Van Rijn Method (Riverdale, NY, 2009), pp. 517-553 AT pp. 521-522.

("Gruntbrain" is a frequent derogatory term.)

In a later episode, when asked how he knows how much a competitor has spent spying on him, van Rijn manages to look both smug and hurt.

The act: competitors trying to pirate executives are thieves whereas van Rijn has got to lure executives from elsewhere; it is reprehensible of a competitor to spy on van Rijn but clever of van Rijn to spy back.

The reality: "confidentially," he would acknowledge that, of course, his competitors can expected to operate the same way he does.

Today: a Buddhist day retreat at the Meeting House, then the Avengers film, from the spiritual to the spectacular, and not much time for blogging.

Alternative Reading Orders

Sometimes a prequel is not only written later but also meant to be read later. Rider Haggard's She Trilogy comprises:

the novel, She, ending with She's death;

Allan Quatermain's account of his earlier encounter with She, mailed to Haggard after Quatermain had read She;

the sequel, about She's resurrection.

CS Lewis' The Magician's Nephew begins by stating that it will explain how the previously described visits to Narnia began.

As a collection, Poul Anderson's The Earth Book Of Stormgate was meant to fill in some of the gaps in previously published accounts of the history of the Polesotechnic League on a "now it can be told" basis. When the entire Technic History was for the first time published in chronological order of fictitious events, stories set earlier were now to be read earlier together with their later-written introductions assuming knowledge of later events, producing a different effect.

Novels written in successive decades of the twentieth century refer to "the war," whether WWI or WWII, on the safe assumption that readers understand this reference. Future historians can generate a sense of historical authenticity by referring in a similar way to an event with which the reader is not yet familiar and might or might not become familiar:

Heinlein's strike of '66;
Julian May's Metapsychic Rebellion;
the Terran War mentioned in Hloch's Introduction to The Earth Book.

Hloch's Introduction is reproduced near the beginning of Volume I of The Technic Civilization Saga whereas the Terran War is described at the end of Volume III.

Friday 26 April 2019

The Relationship Between The Earth Book Of Stormgate And The Technic Civilization Saga

(One of the best covers of a Poul Anderson book.)

(I have just driven Aileen and Yossi, daughter and granddaughter, all the way to their holiday cottage with a view of Lake Bassenthwaite and have returned to Lancaster.)

Poul Anderson's The Earth Book Of Stormgate (New York, 1979):

collected twelve previously uncollected installments of Anderson's major future history series, the History of Technic Civilization, also known as the Technic History;

thus, excluded the three Nicholas van Rijn stories previously collected as Trader To The Stars and the three David Falkayn stories previously collected as The Trouble Twisters;

added new introductions and an afterword written by the Ythrian Hloch who:

lives on Avalon shortly after the events of The People Of The Wind;

refers, in one story, "Lodestar," to the events of Satan's World, and, in the afterword to that story, to the events of Mirkheim.

Thus, these six volumes covered the entire history of the Polesotechnic League and part of the history of the early Terran Empire.

Baen Books' The Technic Civilization Saga, Volume I (of VII), The Van Rijn Method (Riverdale, NY, 2009), collects the first eleven installments of the Technic History and thus includes:

one later-written story about early interplanetary exploration;
seven of the twelve works in The Earth Book, together with Hloch's introductions;
two of the three stories in The Trouble Twisters;
one of the three stories in Trader To The Stars.

This creates a paradox. Although the stories in this volume conduct the reader to a point in time when Falkayn has started to work for van Rijn's Solar Spice & Liquors Company but has not as yet either met van Rijn or been invited by him to lead a trader team, Hloch's introductions assume his readers' knowledge of subsequent events not only in the lives of these characters but even in considerably later history:

there was a Terran War on Avalon;
there are "Imperial planets" and an "Empire" (p. 76), in fact a "Terran Empire" (p. 104);
David Falkayn did something important on Avalon;
Falkayn's biographies relate that he became a protege of van Rijn;
children of one of van Rijn's successful employees came to Avalon with Falkayn.

By the end of the eleventh installment in this volume, all of these events remain in the future. This is good. The reader already knows that he must read six more volumes to get the whole story but has now received advance glimpses of some later parts of the story. Since the remaining five installments of The Earth Book are collected in Volumes II and III and since Volume III ends with The People Of The Wind, which provides the background for Hloch's narrations, Volumes I-III are like an expanded Earth Book.

Introducing Cynthia

Poul Anderson, The Van Rijn Method (Riverdale, NY, 2009).

"In youth he'd done excellent field work, especially in the trade-route cultures of Cynthia..."
-"Wings of Victory," pp. 75-102 AT p. 83.

"(Oh, treetop highways under the golden-red sun of Cynthia!..."
-"How To Be Ethnic In One Easy Lesson," pp. 175-197 AT p. 183.

"...you didn't even have visitors of your own species, because the ship that regularly called belonged to a Cynthian carrier..."
-"Esau," pp. 517-553 AT p. 524.

We meet our first Cynthian, Chee Lan, in the following volume of The Technic Civilization Saga.

Full Marks To Eric Wace

Poul Anderson, The Man Who Counts, XXII.

Wace does not do so bad. He:

works hard and well on Diomedes, well enough for van Rijn to offer him an important job back on Earth;

speaks truth, as he sees it, to van Rijn when the time is right;

heeds Sandra's explanation of van Rijn's role on Diomedes;

correctly predicts that van Rijn will be the father of Sandra's heir;

justly characterizes van Rijn as aging, fat and uncouth;

but unjustly adds "...callous and conscienceless..." (p. 511)

Van Rijn smokes a Trichinopoly cigar, eats a four-decker sandwich, wants to follow it with an Italian hero sandwich, and is unconcerned about Wace's attack on him. (See The Food Thread.)

Bioaccelerine

Poul Anderson, The Man Who Counts, see here.

"Treatment progressed rapidly with the help of bioaccelerine." (XXII, p. 504)

I quoted this sentence, then googled the unfamiliar word and found this sentence.

"If he had chosen to look back, which he did not, he could have seen the spire of Much Nadderby..."
-CS Lewis, Out Of The Silent Planet IN Lewis, The Cosmic Trilogy (London, 1990), pp. 1-144 AT 1, p. 3.

See also The Photon-Skiff and here. (In the latter, scroll down to "Interestingly I googled 'photon-skiff'...")

Thursday 25 April 2019

People Of The Twentieth Century

Everard meets the two Time Patrol agents based in Tyre:

"They were both of Levantine appearance and in Canaanite garb, but here, shut away from the office staff and household servants, their entire bearing changed, posture, gait, facial expressions, tone of voice. Everard would have recognized them as being of the twentieth century even if he had not been told. The atmosphere was as refreshing to him as a wind off the sea."
-Poul Anderson, "Ivory, And Apes, And Peacocks" IN Anderson, Time Patrol (Riverdale, NY, 2010), pp. 229-331 AT p. 244.

Of course Everard would be able to recognize people from the twentieth century but how perceptive of Anderson to realize this. Everard must have been sent to Tyre because he is the Zoraks' contemporary whereas their local superior, the director of Jerusalem Base, Epsilon Korten, responsible for temporal traffic between the birth of David and the fall of Judah, is from twenty ninth century New Edom on Mars where the Patrol recruited him both because of his computer analyses of Semitic texts and also because of his exploits as a spaceman in the Second Asteroid War. He is both a man of action and a profound scholar.

Everard thinks of the Time Patrol as:

"...an organization that guarded a traffic through the epochs..."
-op. cit., p. 245.

Mark Twain, writing before HG Wells had coined the term, "time traveling," used the phrase, "transposition of epochs."

Leading The Horse To Water

Poul Anderson, The Man Who Counts, see here.

Unlike any other work by Poul Anderson, this novel does systematically lead its readers to understand (and maybe accept) a particular moral at the end of the narrative. (One memorable line somewhere in Heinlein's Starship Troopers is "You can lead a child to knowledge but you cannot make him think.")

Sandra tells Wace:

"'You do not understand?...Maybe later. Now we must hurry.'" (XV, p. 451)

Van Rijn tells Wace:

"'...it gives back talk from you too, ha?...Now is too small time for beating sense into your head. Maybe you learn for yourself...Jump!'" (XVI, p. 461)

Meanwhile, Wace, working too hard to stop and think, continues to think as before:

"Wace went off, damning himself for not giving the old pig a fist in the stomach. He would, too, come the day!" (ibid.)

"So, having enslaved his engineer, van Rijn strolled around, jollying some of the Flock and bullying some of the others - and when he had them all working their idiotic heads off, he rolled up in a blanket and went to sleep!" (p. 462)

But would the work be happening without the jollying and bullying? Van Rijn has ascertained which approach to take with different individual members of an alien species. Is Wace being unrealistically obtuse just so that the novel can work its way to its point which is already stated in the title? (Although Wace cannot know the title, of course!) The point was briefly made just before this. When Wace asked:

"'All right! But what will you be doing?'" (XVI, p. 460)

- van Rijn replied:

"'I must organize things, by damn.'" (ibid.)

The point will be spelt out at greater length at the end of the novel.

Messages In Some Works Of Fiction

Before I even start, please note the difference between an author with a message and an individual work that carries a particular message. This distinction should become clearer in the following examples.

Howard Fast
In, I think, all his novels:
the need for resistance and revolution.

HG Wells
In The Shape Of Things To Come and in several other novels:
the need for a World State.

CS Lewis
In everything he wrote:
Christianity. (Fictional versions of Christ: Aslan; Maleldil.)

Poul Anderson
In The Man Who Counts:
Entrepreneurs are motivators.

In Mirkheim and A Knight Of Ghosts And Shadows:
When society takes a wrong turn, it becomes increasingly difficult over time to prevent a loss of legitimacy and a cyclical decline towards complete collapse.

Although these three novels make their particular points, Anderson himself was not a man with a message. His fiction was meant first to entertain, then to encourage thought. We can think by disagreeing. His optimal human condition was freedom and diversity.

Learning About Van Rijn

Nicholas van Rijn appears in ten of the forty three installments of Poul Anderson's main future history series, the History of Technic Civilization. (Dominic Flandry is in thirteen.) Recently, I have reread the first van Rijn installment and part-reread the second in order to start learning about the character of van Rijn. I suspect that, as I continue, I will discover less and less new information because his personality is comprehensively delineated from the beginning. The record will become repetitive. Van Rijn responds to new challenges and grows steadily older but does not mature because he had already done this before we met him.

James Blish once said to me, "Poul likes the flamboyant character but I think that it is about played out," but this must have been very late in the series, not long before Anderson started to write a completely different kind of sf. The Technic History incorporates space opera, speculative planetology and historical theory whereas the Harvest Of Stars Tetralogy and Genesis speculate about human-AI interactions in a universe where life is scarce and faster than light interstellar travel impossible.

I will continue to reread the van Rijn installments for a while longer and see what comes up. For example, it may be that the trademark malapropisms are concentrated more in some works than in others. And other points of interest always emerge along the way.

Ancient And New

There is more to be said about the three seaports.

In Tyre, there is trade with the known world but not yet any sense that the world is changing. People do not yet count the years. They still exchange by barter. Solomon is building his Temple but the future significance of that religious tradition is known only to the Time Patrollers and to the readers, not to the Tyrians.

In Harfleur, the rookery of merchant adventurers generates a sense of crackling energy but only Everard knows that successors of those adventurers will sail to the New World - several life-times hence.

In Ys, its ancient isolation ended by King Grallon, new Gods, ways and ideas are welcomed and a New Age is anticipated. Thus, of the three, Ys is the most modern and forward-looking.

Busy Seaports


Inns In Ys
Thucydides Wrote
Verbals And Visuals

No doubt there are others. The three linked posts are about Ys, Tyre and Harfleur, respectively, with references made to New York and San Francisco.

Ys is a busy seaport where strangers bring new ways and young men are eager for the New Age when Ys might succeed Rome as mistress of the world.

Trade from the known world flows through Tyre, "...queen of the sea."

Merchant adventurers will set sail from Harfleur for the New World and Everard has just time traveled to Harfleur from San Francisco, 1990.

Three good places to live.

Wednesday 24 April 2019

Thucydides Wrote

See Tacitus Wrote.

"He remembered a line Thucydides would pen centuries hence, about the disastrous Athenian military expedition whose last members ended their days in the mines of Sicily. 'Having done what men could, they suffered what men must.'"
-Poul Anderson, "Ivory, And Apes, And Peacocks" IN Anderson, Time Patrol (Riverdale, NY, 2010), pp. 229-331 AT pp. 293-294.

This was the passage that I remembered but I looked for it in "Star Of The Sea" instead of in "Ivory..." Thanks to regular correspondent, Nicholas D. Rosen, for locating the quotation.

While we are here, I might reread "Ivory..." for its colorful account of King Hiram's Tyre in 950 B.C. The color begins in the opening sentence:

"While Solomon was in all his glory and the Temple was a-building, Manse Everard came to Tyre of the purple."
-op. cit., p. 229.

In the Tyrian harbor:

warm, windless weather;
oars creaking and splashing to a drumbeat;
blue wavelets, glittering, chuckling and swirling;
dazzling water;
Phoenician, Philistine, Assyrian, Achaean and stranger ships;
"...trade through the known world flowed in and out of Tyre." (p. 230);
Captain Mago calls his town "'...queen of the sea...'" (ibid.);
Everard reflects that Tyre was as impressive as New York.

Comparisons: Anderson, Dexter

William Dexter's Eighth (and Last) Men turn out to resemble not demons but angels. They are a bit like Anderson's Danellians since they reach into their past to guide earlier Men. One of the Third Men writes:

"Now, we have reason for our confidence in the future and for our reliance on the words that purported to come to us through the dim corridors of Time."
-William Dexter, Children Of The Void (New York, 1966), XXI, p. 149.

Apparently, that phrase, "the corridors of time," has a life outside of that other Anderson time travel title where its meaning is literal.

I have finished rereading Dexter's diptych - the angelic apparition was his punch-line - and am drawn back towards the Saturnine orbit of van Rijn but first I want to check a particular historical quotation in Time Patrol.

Comparisons: Anderson, Clarke, Dexter, Stapledon

Aliens That Resemble Demons
The Overlords in Arthur C. Clarke's Childhood's End.

The "bat-men" in William Dexter's Children Of The Void.

The envoy from 70 Ophiuchi B 1 in Poul Anderson's "Horse Trader."

The Staurnians in Anderson's The Star Fox?

Winged Aliens Unwieldy On The Ground But Glorious In Flight
Dexter's "bat-men."
Anderson's Ythrians.

Descriptions Of Radio Static
Dexter: "...the distant chatter of static..." -Children Of The Void (New York, 1966), XVIII, p. 113.
Anderson: see here.

Numbered Human Races
Dexter's Eighth Men communicate with the earlier Third Men.
Stapledon's Last Men mentally time travel to earlier periods, including the entire history of the First Men.

Tuesday 23 April 2019

Ancient History

The summaries in the previous three posts do not disclose all of the galactic history revealed in Poul Anderson's Technic History. Although Ythrians, Merseians, Cynthians, Wodenites etc learned interstellar travel from human Technic civilization, Aycharaych, the sole Chereionite who serves Merseia, is the last survivor of the "Ancient" race whose interstellar civilization, possibly destroyed by a telepathic parasite, left mysterious buildings and inscriptions on many planets. Diverse religious hopes are focused on the Ancients and Fr Axor, a Wodenite Jerusalem Catholic and companion of Dominic Flandry's daughter, interprets and reads the inscriptions, seeking evidence for a second Incarnation.

Flandry defends the Empire, resists Merseia and opposes Aycharaych whose elaborate plot on the planet Aeneas, shortly after Flandry's expulsion of the Aenean rebels, was exposed by the Avalonian spy, Erannath.

I might by now have completed a summary of the main points of the Technic History to my own satisfaction but probably not.

The Bigger Picture III

Of course the summaries in the previous two posts omit the beginning and end of the Technic History. The beginning is interplanetary exploration in the twenty first century. The long ending is:

measures taken by Dominic Flandry and others to strengthen certain colonized planets in the hope that they will endure as economic and political units despite the inevitable cessation of interstellar trade and security during the unpreventable Fall of the Terran Empire;

measures taken by Roan Tom and no doubt others to rebuild interstellar alliances shortly after the Fall;

measures taken by the Allied Planets to re-civilize isolated and barbarized planets long after the Fall;

the eventual proliferation of human civilizations throughout several spiral arms of the galaxy;

the discovery of descendants of rebels expelled from the Terran Empire by Flandry although his name is not remembered;

the discovery of a new source of immeasurable wealth...

There is some justification for calling the concluding volume of The Technic Civilization Saga Flandry's Legacy. And what a long way we have come from van Rijn, Falkayn and Falkayn working for van Rijn. See here.

The Bigger Picture II

See The Bigger Picture.

When I start to summarize Poul Anderson's Technic History, I can't stop because the events are so interconnected that I want to show their completeness.

The decline of the League, hastened by war for possession of Mirkheim, leads, through the Time of Troubles, to the founding of the Terran Empire which in turn leads to:

Imperial war against Ythri and Avalon;

conflict between the Empire and Merseia;

later, an Ythrian Avalonian spying for both Ythri and Terra and sabotaging a Merseian anti-Imperial plot.

Since David Falkayn:

led the trader team that saved Merseia from the effects of a supernova;

discovered Mirkheim;

founded Supermetals which, by exploiting the wealth of Mirkheim, made Technic civilization and its enemies aware of the existence of an undisclosed source of such wealth;

founded the colony on Avalon -

- we see that his contributions to Technic History, not all of them listed here, are immense.

The Bigger Picture

I alternate between focusing on details of one particular van Rijn story and pulling back to survey the bigger picture:

"Margin of Profit" introduces Nicholas van Rijn, owner of Solar Spice & Liquors;
"The Three-Cornered Wheel" introduces David Falkayn;
in "A Sun Invisible," Falkayn, working for SSL, hopes that he will come to old Nick's attention.

Thus, here is a mini-trilogy:

van Rijn;
Falkayn;
Falkayn working for van Rijn.

But, as we pull back further, the same process occurs on a larger scale:

"Wings of Victory" introduces the Ythrians;
"The Problem of Pain" introduces the planet later named Avalon;
"How To Be Ethnic In One Easy Lesson" introduces Adzel and the Polesotechnic League;
in "Margin of Profit," van Rijn represents the League;
"The Three-Cornered Wheel" introduces Falkayn on Ivanhoe;
"A Sun Invisible," as above;
"The Season of Forgiveness" is set on Ivanhoe;
 there are four more installments about van Rijn;
in "The Trouble Twisters," van Rijn founds a trader team led by Falkayn and including Adzel.

Later:

van Rijn and the team operate both independently and together;
the League declines;
Falkayn leads the joint human-Ythrian colonization of Avalon.

And so on. And all that I have summarized is part of the bigger picture of the History of Technic Civilization. I will stop revisiting and re-summarizing the History when it stops seeming fresh to me.

Monday 22 April 2019

Up

Poul Anderson, The Man Who Counts, XVII, see here.

What happens to a boat that is struck by a missile?

"The boat cracked like a twig..." (p. 466)

And what happens to its crew?

"...its crew whirled up..." (ibid.)

Up? Yes, these are winged Diomedeans. It is as natural for them to go up as it would be for us to go down. Reading about aliens, we must remember their alienness. (In a comic book adaptation of ERB's A Princess Of Mars, two green Martians addressed each other as "Tars" and "Tarkas," respectively. I thought, "That's wrong. Tars Tarkas is one guy." Then I thought, "It's right! How does a green Martian earn a second name?")

"...a squad from Trolwen's aerial command pounced, there was a moment's murderous confusion and the Drak'honai had stopped existing." (ibid.)

So, first, sink the boat, then, attack its escaping crew in the air. Van Rijn sings and dances with the ballista captain although he knows that the battle will not be settled by a single incident.

He has persuaded the Lannachska to make boats of ice which are both unsinkable and impervious to enemy flamethrowers whereas the flamethrower crew remain pervious to arrow-sleets and their uncontrolled canoes can then be rammed. War remains "thrilling" to read about even though it would be hell to experience.

Agreeing With Hank Davis

Hank Davis compiled the Baen Books' seven-volume Technic Civilization Saga omnibus collection of Poul Anderson's major future history series, the History of Technic Civilization.

On p. xiii of Volume I of this Saga, Davis writes that, although we meet David Falkayn and Adzel in Volume I, we have to wait until Volume II to meet the third member of the trader team, Chee Lan. This is correct. However, Chee Lan's home planet of Cynthia is mentioned three times in Volume I. In a Heinlein-model future history, earlier installments are the foundation on which later events are built.

Secondly, Davis writes that Falkayn's influence on history is arguably greater than van Rijn's. I agree and would add: "also arguably greater than Flandry's." Davis adds "(more on that in future volumes)" so maybe I should check later Introductions.

Thirdly, Davis writes that Anderson was possibly the most prolific fantasy and sf author, with maybe seventy novels and hundreds of short stories. Does anyone know the exact number of novels? Davis adds that Anderson also wrote historical fiction, mysteries, horror, non-fiction and poetry and that, in his main fields of fsf, he uniquely combined quantity with consistent quality.

Finally, quoting this single p. xiii, Anderson had a degree in physics and an interest in the sciences and got the science in science fiction right, as evidenced by the freak planet, Diomedes, in The Man Who Counts.