Routine Time Travel?

To Turn The Tide, CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT.

Artorius reflects:

"Time travel does odd things to your mind, too. Thank God it only happened to me once! If it was routine I'd go bughouse." (p. 402)

That has to be read as a comment on sf works where time travel does become routine and some of those are bughouse although not any of the ones that are discussed and recommended on this blog. 

James Blish thought that no author had yet done justice to the concept. He envisaged a novel about an entire society based on a finite-spinning-universe theory which apparently would (have) allow(ed) for time travel.

However, just a simple time travel premise like a small group being displaced to a specific date has endless possibilities. SM Stirling shows us what other authors had not thought of. Poul Anderson would have welcomed this antithesis to the Time Patrol project of holding time and history to a single course. And how will this new series develop?

Ben-Hur, Martin Padway And The Time Patrol

To Turn The Tide.

All literature is a conversation with earlier literature, sometimes explicitly:

"Everyone on a Roman naval ship was a free man and part of the military and would fight at need - Ben-Hur had gotten that drastically wrong. 

"Pity. Both movies were great otherwise, though the 2016 one was better..."

-CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE, p. 310.

(I have found an on-line list of five Ben Hur films.)

"That was another gift of Martin Padway. Though for some reason he hadn't known the actual formula for gunpowder, odd in an archaeologist, even a fictional one.

"Or maybe not, that book was written a century ago...well, nearly, 1938. Damn, but the English language is not intended for time travel, and Latin's even worse."

-CHAPTER TWENTY-EIGHT, p. 399.

And that concluding sentence might be an indirect reference to the Temporal language of Poul Anderson's Time Patrol. (Although, unfortunately, we do not read a single word of Temporal.)

Four words of Latin in another Anderson time travel work:

"'Es tu peregrinator temporis?'"

-Poul Anderson, There Will Be Time (New York, 1973), VI, p. 62.

DMZ And M7

 

In 49 AD, Manse Everard and Janne Floris of the Time Patrol:

"...had established themselves farther north, in the uninhabited stretch - the American called it the DMZ - between Langobardian and Chaucian territory."

-Poul Anderson, "Star of the Sea" IN Anderson, Time Patrol (Riverdale, NY, December 2010), pp. 467-640 AT 11, pp. 562-563.

When Artorius compares their surroundings to a DMZ, Filipa looks puzzled:

"...showing that she hadn't actually been born in Korea."

-To Turn The Tide, CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE, p. 371.

He explains:

"'Demilitarized zone. Buffer territory. The German tribes keep an unpopulated area around their core lands, nice and natural for hunting...and hunting each other, and hiding raiding parties to keep life on the farm from getting dull.'" (ibid.)

When, having penetrated the buffer zone, Artorius ambushes a band of barbarians by using a crossbow, he thinks:

"This is where an M7 would have come in really handy and Fuchs was a fool..." (p. 376)

"I could have finished off all the ones we don't want to take alive nice and quick and safe with one magazine of six--point-eight." (ibid.)

Why did Fuchs not pack M7's? He could not get hold of them? He did not want to take anything that destructive? The author wanted to see how much could be achieved using Type A technology alone?

Identifying

I do not spend much time identifying with fictional characters but which ones might I identify with?

Of Nicholas van Rijn's trade pioneer crew, neither David Falkayn nor Chee Lan but maybe Adzel because of his meditation and studiousness.

Of James Blish's magicians: none. (A book with nothing but villains!) 

Of Alan Moore's Watchmen: Doctor Manhattan.

Of Neil Gaiman's Endless: Destiny.

Of SM Stirling's five American time travellers, Mark, who says:

"'I'm really not good at the nonverbal stuff, you know.'"

-To Turn The Tide, CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO, p. 337.

Paula, who has been dropping hints, has to spell out that, when she suggests going to bed, she means together - a woman who realizes the need to take the initiative.

(We are just about to go to our daughter's place for Fathers' Day.)

A Sound Policy

To Turn The Tide, CHAPTER NINETEEN.

Marcus Aurelius agrees with Artorius that toleration of all forms of worship that do not upset the public order is a sound policy but thinks that there will still be problems with Christians because they refuse to participate in sacrifices to the Emperor and Rome. Artorius replies that, as with the Jews, Christians could be permitted to pray for the Emperor. He also clarifies that Christian rituals are not cannibalistic feasts and explains them in a way that reminds the Emperor of Orphic beliefs and Eleusinian Mysteries. Men seeking the Infinite:

"'...find common aspects of it.'" (p. 289)

Persecution of Christians might be halted and persecution by Christians prevented. How symbolic is it that a Jew named Josephus has sponsored Artorius? Also, how symbolic is the name "Arthur"?

(Marcus Aurelius in this novel, like Augustus and Lycius in Neil Gaiman's "August," is an Initiate of the Eleusinian Mysteries.)

Artorius seems to be individually wise because he is able to encapsulate the wisdom of subsequent centuries and millennia.

Marcus Aurelius

To Turn The Tide.

Temporal displacement involves place name change. "Vienna, Austria" had been and becomes again "Provincia Pannonia Superior, Imperium Romanum."

Artorius' first meeting with Emperor Marcus Aurelius gets a massive buildup. In CHAPTER FIFTEEN, Marcus Aurelius discusses Artorius while still in Rome. In CHAPTER SEVENTEEN, Marcus Aurelius discusses Artorius after he has travelled to Vindobona in the Province of Pannona Superior. In CHAPTER EIGHTEEN, Artorius reflects that he is about to meet someone whose life and death he has studied and whose books he has read, then does meet him. The Emperor closely resembles his own face on coins and statues. Artorius quotes a book that Marcus Aurelius has not written yet and presumably will not write, or not in the same way, in this new timeline. 

This has to be a classic of time travel fiction.

(It was fortunate not only that the merchant Josephus who found the newly arrived and defenceless time travellers did not kill and rob them but instead helped them and treated them with respect but even that they had arrived near a road where they could be and were discovered immediately. However, my friend Andrea informs me that it is inappropriate either to entreat or to thank Fortuna.)

West Of Hibernia

The Turn Of The Tide.

The barbarians use the swine-array which we have seen before.

Irish people that I have known would be amused by this description of their country:

"Hibernia was a proverb for squalor and backward savagery, full of chanting robed Druids making human sacrifices and tattooed, head-hunting lunatics with lime-bleached hair, still driving war chariots to battle." (p. 220)

(Elsewhere and longer ago, Krishna was Arjuna's charioteer at the Battle of Kurukshetra where He spoke the Bhagavad Gita.)

Artorius is from a country:

"'...west even of Hibernia; they call it America.'" (ibid.)

West and in one other direction. The future is another country.

Marcus Aurelius, Galen And Artorius

To Turn The Tide, CHAPTER FIFTEEN. 

We take for granted what writers of fiction do. They have had to learn how much can be done with written words.

At the end of CHAPTER FOURTEEN, a legate tells Artorius (time traveller):

"'The Emperor in Rome shall hear of you service to the State.'" (p. 213)

From its opening sentence, CHAPTER FIFTEEN is narrated from the point of view of Imperator Caesar Marcus Aurelius Antoninus Augustus in Rome. (Names of earlier Emperors are confusingly used as a mixture of titles and additional names.)

The Emperor receives reports about Artorius and converses with Galen who has corresponded with Artorius.

They are impressed by Artorius' mixture of knowledge and modesty. He claims to know much that turns out to be true but also acknowledges that there is much that he does not know. The Emperor is impressed with Artorius' clever derivation of distillation from distillare! 

Marcus Aulerius and Galen deduce some of the structure of English from Artorius' written Latin: use of capital letters; spaces between words.

Artorius and his companions have strange powers but are prepared to use them for Rome and mankind. Marcus Aurelius will go to where Artorius is. The mountain will go to Muhammad.

Some Practical Implications

See Theorizing.

The base timeline cannot be changed.

There is no need for a Time Patrol to prevent causality violations in the base timeline.

In that timeline, one theory of "time travel" might be that it is an elaborate form of suicide and should therefore be discouraged or even prevented for that reason. However, once a time traveller has departed, nothing further can be done.

Of course we know that the first departures into the past coincided with the outbreak of a civilization-destroying nuclear war so maybe that is the end of the matter in any case?

Is there a cosmic evolutionary process whereby intelligence that is about to make itself extinct in one timeline creates and escapes into an alternative timeline?

Fly in the ointment: Fuchs, the inventor of the temporal displacement apparatus, has a real, not duplicate, dolabra (Roman soldier's entrenching tool). Has his apparatus reached into the past and extracted this tool? Or has someone travelled into the past and brought the tool with him on returning to the present? - thus upsetting my carefully constructed theory that all "time travel" is into an alternative timeline? Time travel is a very difficult concept to discuss consistently. 

Returning to my theory for the time being, if time travel is invented later in the alternative timeline, then that timeline becomes the base timeline for a second alternative timeline. And so on. 

Theorizing

To Turn The Tide.

We are trying to formulate a theory of time and time travel, nothing new but just enough to account for events recounted in this novel.

Base Timeline

There is a base timeline from which any and all time travellers disappear permanently.

Each moment (t0) is preceded by a single past but followed by one of many possible futures. Each subsequent moment (t1) actualizes only one possible future. Experience cannot be otherwise. If we experience the death of a friend, then we cannot simultaneously experience the survival of that friend. Mutually incompatible events cannot occur in a single timeline. But can there be multiple alternative timelines? Can t0 be followed by t1alpha, t1beta etc?

Alternative Timelines

Whether or not alternative timelines exist naturally, they do exist if there is time travel. Five Americans travel from June 25th, 2032 CE, to June 25th, 165 CE. Some moment (t0) on the latter date is followed not only by t1, history as we know it, but also by t1alpha, the arrival of the time travellers who have disappeared permanently from the base timeline. Their mere arrival changes the course of events, whether unnoticeably or globally. If they had been immediately killed for their valuable possessions and if that wealth had been merely squandered, then the change might have been unnoticed on a global scale. However, if they change the course of history, then the effects of their arrival are global.

That is all that we know about the theory. I think.