Outcomes

In Poul Anderson's Psychotechnic History, the Psychotechnic Institute fails to end social and psychological conflicts even though, in the Solar Union period, some planetary populations are described as "integrate," but the Solar Union flies apart and, according to "The Chapter Ends," there are millennia of interstellar empires before there is eventually a Galactic civilization in which psychotechnicians control cosmic forces. 

In Anderson's Technic History, the Chaos is followed by Technic civilization and the hyperdrive and eventually there is a peaceful interstellar civilization in another spiral arm of the galaxy.

In Anderson's Time Patrol series, the Patrol guards future millennia of continued conflicts and wars before an Era of Oneness and the evolution of human beings into Danellians.

In SM Stirling's Make The Darkness Light series, a nuclear war in 2032 is followed, in a second temporal dimension, by industrial revolutions in the Roman and Han Empires.

Are we living in a Chaos? Yes. Is a nuclear war possible? Yes, as long as nuclear weapons exist. Is a positive outcome possible? I think that it has to be possible because we do not know what will happen. At least we have to work towards something better - and probably without the help either of a hyperdrive or of time travel.