Sunday, 29 July 2018

The Alien As Threat

(There are a lot of good covers of The War Of The Worlds. See here.)

One phrase in Poul Anderson's The Avatar, XXV, recalls:

three short stories by Anderson;

one short story by James Blish;

one novel each by HG Wells, Robert Heinlein and Larry Niven & Jerry Pournelle;

Volume II of the Ransom Trilogy by CS Lewis;

two TV series, Quatermass and The Invaders;

a feature film, Independence Day -

- but there are many examples of "alien as threat." (In fact, did the Kryptonians send Kal-El to Earth to conquer it? Is that self-made man, Lex Luthor, the champion of non-superpowered humanity?)

In The Avatar, Ira Quick thinks that the human heritage is "...now menaced by inhumanness." (p. 215)

In Anderson's "How To Be Ethnic In One Easy Lesson," the organizers of the Festival of Man think that:

"'...the Solar Commonwealth is deluged with alien - nonhuman - influence...the false glamour of ideas never born on man's true home.'"
-Poul Anderson, "How To Be Ethnic..." IN Anderson, The Earth Book Of Stormgate (New York, 1979), pp. 49-67 AT p. 53.

In Anderson's "Interloper," an alien alliance secretly exploits Earth. In his "Soldier From The Stars," militarily superior extra-solar humanoid aliens sell their services to the highest bidder among human governments and thus conquer Earth economically.

Wells' Martians come to consume our blood but we are sorry for them when they die in London. Lewis as character fears that his friend, Ransom, who has been to Mars and who is still in touch with extraterrestrial intelligences, is the Trojan Horse for an invasion from outer space but Lewis as author reverses this notion by showing us Terrestrial evil invading the sinless Venus.

In James Blish's "Citadel of Thought," human telepaths detect:

"'...an alien thing, not human, and inimical, cold, deadly, coming from we knew not what nadir beyond our Earth...We felt this deadly current, this other-world pattern, playing coldly across the Earth, and we were afraid.'"
-James Blish, "Citadel of Thought" IN Blish, The Best Of James Blish, Ed. Robert Lowndes (New York, 1979), pp. 1-19 AT p. 8.

Does that remind you of Wells' Martians?

"...intellects vast and cool and unsympathetic, regarded this earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us."
-HG Wells, The War Of The Worlds (Penguin Book, Harmondsworth, Middlesex, 1974), p. 9.

In "Citadel of Thought," when the alien ship is destroyed, the defenders:

"...caught brief, horror-sickened glimpses of things forever unknowable and indescribable..." (p. 18)

There is an (earlier) kind of sf in which the alien is merely horrific. Many years ago, our local sf bookseller displayed a publishers' poster that read:

"Remember the days when androids didn't have personality problems, every Earthman was a hero and the only good alien was a dead one?" 

11 comments:

Sean M. Brooks said...

Kaor, Paul!

That's a new one to me: LEX LUTHOR as the defender and champion of ordinary human beings! (Smiles)

And did you have Robert Heinlein's THE PUPPET MASTERS in mind as his contribution to the alien invasion branch of science fiction? And I'm pretty sure you had Niven and Pournelle's FOOTFALL as their take on the theme of alien invasion. And we even see SF writers acting as Presidential advisers in that book!

I would have included Poul Anderson's THE WAR OF TWO WORLDS as a better, even more carefully thought out contribution to the alien invasion sub-genre (besides "Soldier From The Stars"). Plus I admire the ingenious plot twists devised by Anderson in that story. And, yes, THE WAR OF TWO WORLDS is a play on Wells THE WAR OF THE WORLDS!

Sean

paulshackley2017@gmail.com said...

Sean,
I did mean THE PUPPET MASTERS and FOOTFALL.
I have discussed THE WAR OF TWO WORLDS before and should have mentioned it here but I find that it is impossible to remember everything every time. Fortunately, a discussion is a collaborative effort.
Paul.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Kaor, Paul!

Good, just an oversight, re THE WAR OF TWO WORLDS. Yes, any discussions worthy of that name is collaborative.

Have you ever discussed Heinlein's THE PUPPET MASTERS and Niven/Pournelle's FOOTFALL? I'm esp. fond of the latter book. And one of the secondary characters is even named "Brooks"!

Sean

paulshackley2017@gmail.com said...

Sean,
No.
An interesting fact is that N&P told their publisher that their alien invaders were going to hit Earth with an asteroid. The publisher replied, "Tell us about that asteroid!" So LUCIFER'S HAMMER was written first.
The aliens come not to fight and win but just to fight. Whether they win or lose, they just accept that outcome. They have to be masters or slaves. No other relationship is possible but either is acceptable!
Heinlein appears as MacDonald (I think?) but there is also a reference to the Heinlein spaceship in "Universe."
Paul.

S.M. Stirling said...

Human beings are the product of a very long evolutionary process in which the primary cause of death for adult human beings was other adult human beings, as tribal groups/clans/whatever fought over boundaries and reproduction.

(The archaeological record of the Neolithic and Old Stone age has a lot of massacre sites in which the bodies of people of both sexes and all ages are found. Almost invariably, young-adult females are underrepresented among the bodies. Three guesses why.)

So we're reflexively xenophobic about outsiders, people not of our in-group. There's nothing wrong with this; human beings being what they are, you'd a chump if you're -not- suspicious of them.

Xenophobia is to the group what the immune system is to the individual. An overactive immune system makes you miserable, a hyperactive one can kill you.

But an under-active immune system makes you a helpless petri dish for opportunistic infections and parasites.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Kaor, Paul and Mr. Stirling!

Paul: I'm glad Niven and Pounelle's publisher insisted on a separate novel speculating about the consequences of an accident like an asteroid smashing into the Earth. LUCIFER'S HAMMER is well worth reading in its own right!

I don't quite agree with you about the aliens seen in FOOTFALL. N and P were trying to give us aliens who were truly different from mankind. Yes, the view that the losers in wars or faction fights had to give unqualified obedience to the victors seem excessive by human standards, but they were still capapble of holding different ideas and proposing different solutions to problems. I recall how the faction ousted by those advocating conquest of the Earth had wanted to follow a more peaceful policy and be content with colonizing off Earth moons and asteroids.

Mr. Stirling, I'm not surprised at all that human beings thousands of years ago were as aggressive and quarrelsome then as they are today! Yes, a certain exnophobia by one's group, clan, tribe, nation, etc., simply makes SENSE until outsiders can prove their bona fides.

And people who advocate open, uncontrolled, unpoliced borders want to make our "immune systems" helpless and unable to fight off "opportunistic infections."

Sean

David Birr said...

I'm fairly sure I've mentioned this here before, but:
"Incidentally, I wonder why we always are menaced by Mars? I suppose that man Wells started it. One day we have a big interplanetary libel action on our hands—unless we can prove that the Martians have been equally rude about us."
— "Armaments Race" in Tales from the "White Hart" by Arthur C. Clarke

S.M. Stirling said...

Sean: Mr. Stirling, I'm not surprised at all that human beings thousands of years ago were as aggressive and quarrelsome then as they are today!

-- if anything, more so. There's substantial evidence that up until about 80,000 years ago, human beings had much higher testosterone levels than they do today, and that hormone is closely associated with violent aggressiveness. The evolutionary pathway was probably that somewhat less aggressive -individuals- made for a more successful -group-, because it fostered in-group cooperation... including fighting more effectively.

Teamwork beats individual heroism, most of the time.

paulshackley2017@gmail.com said...

David,
No. That's a new and good one.

Mr Stirling,
I agree about teamwork. Our species has conquered the world by cooperating, first by communicating linguistically. Because everyone agrees to drive on the same side of the road, individuals and groups can drive across continents. Even the vilest human actions, like persecution, happen (unfortunately) because the persecutors cooperate effectively with each other. I think there is a good possibility of extending our loyalty to the whole human race - and we don't have to find any Martians to persecute!
Paul.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Kaor, DAVID and Mr. Stirling!

David, that was amusing, the bit you quoted from Clarke's TALES FROM THE 'WHITE HART'! I've actually read that book, as well.

Mr. Stirling: I agree. It made evolutionary sense for our ancestors to tone down the aggressiveness enough to allow for intra-group cooperation. Enabling human beings to learn the value of discipline and more effective methods of fighting.

Sean

S.M. Stirling said...

Also, individual aggression of the sort driven by high testosterone levels is usually directed at people -within- the group; you lash out in rage against your neighbors and relatives, not strangers.

Any form of group conflict is a -social- activity. The emotional parameters are quite different; the relevant emotions are love and comradeship and concern for others.