Wednesday 5 March 2014

Tempus Non Nascitur, Fit

Poul Anderson, Time Patrol (New York, 2006).

The opening story, "Time Patrol," contains no less than four Latin phrases.

Mainwethering: "...res naturae..." (p. 21).
Mainwethering: "Tempus non nascitur, fit." (p. 29)
Everard: "Tempus fugit." (ibid.)
Everard: "...peregrinator temporis..." (p. 38)

Mainwethering (pronounced "Mannering," I think) says that his second phrase, meaning "Time is not born, it is made," is a parody but I do not know of what.

(Another Latin saying that could be relevant here is "Tempora mutantur nos et mutamur in illis" ("Times change and we change with them"). This already evocative phrase could become doubly so in a Time Patrol scenario.)

Mainwethering tells Everard and Whitcomb that a time shuttle stolen in 2987 was "'[f]inally recovered from fifth century Britain by two Patrolmen named haw! Everard and Whitcomb.'" (p. 28) We soon learn that Time Patrol rules usually prohibit Patrolmen being told their own futures. Everard asks:

"'If we've already succeeded, why bother?'" (ibid.)

I think that an initial response to Everard's question should be as follows:

Mainwethering is addressing him and Whitcomb in 1894;
Mainwethering has made inquiries and received a reply from a Patrol office further in the future (the stolen time shuttle had originated in the "Ing Empire" period, later than 2987 and separated from it by an Interregnum);
according to that reply, two Patrolmen named Everard and Whitcomb did recover the stolen time shuttle from fifth century Britain;
therefore, the current timeline contains a fifth century in which an Everard and Whitcomb recovered the shuttle and an 1894 in which an Everard and Whitcomb converse with Mainwethering;
therefore, there are two possibilities -

(i) the Everard and Whitcomb who are conversing with Mainwethering travel to the fifth century to recover the shuttle and return with it to 1894 (someone else will take it from then);
(ii) the Everard and Whitcomb who are conversing with Mainwethering do not travel to the fifth century, in which case they are still in 1894 when an Everard and Whitcomb return from the fifth century with the recovered shuttle.

In the case of (ii), they will have duplicated themselves and this is to be avoided.

Mainwethering's actual response to Everard, apart from looking shocked, is:

"'But my dear fellow! You have not already succeeded. The job is yet to do, in terms of your and my duration-sense. And please do not take success for granted merely because history records it. Time is not rigid; man has free will. If you fail, history will change and will not ever have recorded your success; I will not have told you about it.'" (pp. 28-29)

There is more but I need to pause here. Being told of their success might make them take it for granted which is why, we are told later in the series, it is usually forbidden to tell anyone the outcome of his own current or intended activities. If they fail, then their failure will happen in timeline 2. I have no alternative but to introduce the terminology of numbered timelines here because the conversation with Mainwethering occurs in a timeline in which they succeeded. If we are to consider the relationship between two timelines, then it makes sense to number them. Mainwethering has just told them about their success in timeline 1 and "'...will not have told [them] about it'" in timeline 2.

If we do not think in terms of timeline 1 preceding timeline 2 along a second temporal dimension at right angles to the timelines themselves, then we are left with the absurdity of Mainwethering effectively saying, "I have just told you about your success but it is nevertheless possible that I have not just told you about your success and indeed it is possible that the Mainwethering who is speaking to you at this moment is not speaking to you at this moment and does not even exist." This position is untenable.

Mainwthering continues:

"'That is undoubtedly what happened, if I may use the term "happened," in the few cases where the Patrol has a record of failure.'" (p. 29)

What is undoubtedly what happened? A Patrolman was told of his recorded success, took it for granted, therefore failed, therefore there is a record of failure, not of success? Granted causality violation, this could happen although I think that it would require at least two timelines, not just a single timeline in which neither the success nor any record of it ever happened. So, yes, Mainwethering may use the term "happened," because the past tense of this verb refers to an event in a previous timeline, not to a previous event in the current timeline.

Finally:

"'Those cases are still being worked on, and if success is achieved at last, history will be changed and there will "always" have been success. Tempus non nascitur, fit, if I may indulge in a slight parody.'" (ibid.)

Those cases are not "...still being worked on..." at the time when he is speaking in 1894. He means that those cases were worked on in earlier periods of his current timeline and will be worked on in later periods of his current timeline. Thus, there may be a subsequent timeline in which success has been achieved and therefore there has always been success with no need for quotation marks around "always." But the Mainwethering who is saying all this to Everard and Whitcomb will live out the remainder of his lifespan in his current timeline.

11 comments:

Sean M. Brooks said...

Hi, Paul!

Another possible saying I have thought of worthy of either orginating in or being translated into Lating is: "The more people change the more they are the same."

And your analysis of Mainwethering's comments does make it reasonable to think that "nullified" timelines that would abort the Danellian posthumans are "snipped off" by Time Patrol agents to become alternate, still existing time lines. Which leads up to the question of what happens to those timelines. I think your argument has to logically mean that "snipped off" timelines (such as the one where Keith Denison is rescued from ancient Persia) are no longer accessible by the Time Patrol.

Sean

Paul Shackley said...

Sean,
I think your saying or a very similar one is from the French?
Yes, "deleted" timelines are clearly not accessible to any time travelers in the current timeline. "Deleted" timelines are in the past of a second temporal dimension. Of an event in our past, like the Battle of Hastings in 1066, we can say either that it does not exist or, more precisely, that it does not exist now; it no longer exists. That does not mean that a soldier engaged in that battle suddenly ceased to exist half way through it! From his point of view, the battle was present and it continued to happen for as long as it was subsequently recorded to have happened. Are the "deleted" timelines "still existing"? In our timeline, they have never existed. In the second temporal dimension, they have ceased to exist. But, within each of the deleted timelines, the inhabitants of that timeline were born, lived and died. They did not, at any moment in their timeline, cease to exist.
Paul.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Hi, Paul!

My "line" about people changing but also staying the same DOES seem familiar to me. I may have come across a very similar line, but I can't recall for sure when or by whom it was coined.

I admit I am finding it difficult to understand how a "deleted" timeline no longer exist because they are "in the second temporal dimension," BUT to the people and places in that "deleted" timeline never ceased to exist. I guess we really need something like the Time Patrol's special language "Temporal" for grappling with such seemingly contradictory concepts!

Sean

Paul Shackley said...

Sean,
The three dimensions of space and one of time are all at right angles to each other. Imagine a second temporal dimension at right angles to the familiar four. Compare the first temporal dimension to a straight line on a sheet of paper. Compare the second temporal dimension to a straight line extending directly upwards from the sheet of paper. A second timeline is like a straight line on a second sheet of paper suspended above the first sheet. An inhabitant of the second timeline is like a point on the line on the second sheet. His past is behind him on the line; his is future ahead of him. The first timeline is not in what he regards as his past. As far as he is concerned, it didn't happen, doesn't exist. But an observer who can see both sheets of paper sees the first timeline below the second timeline, thus in the past of the second temporal dimension.
Paul.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Hi, Paul!

Many thanks for your explanation! I THINK I can grasp it, but I will need to reread it more than once. Much of what you've been saying also reminds me of the speculations I've seen about "alternate" or "parallel" universes, which Poul Anderson also experimented with in some of his works (such as THREE HEARTS AND THREE LIONS and A MIDSUMMER TEMPEST). Maybe a "deleted" timelime becomes an "alternate" universe?

Sean


S

Paul Shackley said...

Sean,
"Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose." French for "The more there is change, the more it is the same thing."
Deleteds become inaccessible alternates.
Paul.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Hi, Paul!

So THAT's the origin of the line I vaguely recalled! Then I was right to think something like it existed.

Hmmm, so "deleted" timelines become inaccessible to the Time Patrol? Yes, I can see that. But, an ethical point arises, recall how Manse Everard had promised the dying Harpagus that a "Cyrus" would remain as king for the Persians and Medes. By rescuing Keith Denison from ancient Persia, wouldn't that mean there would no longer be a Cyrus the Great in the timeline where Manse Everard had mortally wounded Harpagus? What would HAPPEN to the world and peoples of that timeline where there was no Cyrus the Great and no Persian Empire? Or am I misunderstanding something?

Sean

Paul Shackley said...

Sean,
Deleted timelines are, I think, inaccessible because they are in the past of the second temporal dimension, just as our past is inaccessible to non-time travelers.
You are absolutely right. Everard and Denison leave behind them a timeline in which Cyrus disappeared after reigning for a mere sixteen years - although Harpagus does not survive to see it.
Paul.

Sean M. Brooks said...

Hi, Paul!

So, a legitimate troubling point has been found or raised! I had hitherto thought such "deleted" timelines never existed at all at any time, so there would be no disturbing ethical ambiguities. But, even as early as "Brave to be a King," Poul Anderson was not satisfied with so simple a solution. The bit of dialogue quoted below showed that Time Patrol agents were troubled by what happened to "deleted" timelines.

Denison drew his cloak around him. The air was bitter.
"No," he said. "Let's go back. It's been a long time. Even
if it never happened."

"Uh-huh." Everard seemed more GRIM [my stress] than
a victorious rescuer should be. "It never happened."

But, of course it DID happen, in the "deleted" timeline. And such questions of ethics of the kind I raised are implicit in these moments of doubt felt by agents like Everard. The fact that Anderson brings in such philosophical and ethical points is another proof of how he improved on ideas relating to time travel from the works of such predecessors as H.G. Wells and L. Sprague de Camp.

Sean

Anonymous said...

Hi Sean

Regarding "Tempus non nascitur, fit" - "time is not born, it is made", it might well be a parody of the phrase "poeta nascitur, non fit" - "a poet is born, not made".
Best wishes

Geoff Roberts

Sean M. Brooks said...

Kaor, Mr. Roberts!

Nice to see someone new commenting!

Dang, I have never heard of that line about poets being born, not made. It certainly seems to apply to poets like Homer, Virgil, the unknown author of THE SONG OF ROLAND, Dante, Shakespeare, etc.

Ad astra! Sean